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Blessed Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 – 27 May 1541), was an English peeress. She was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, who was the brother of King Edward IV and King Richard III. She was one of two women in sixteenth-century England to be a peeress in her own right with no titled husband.〔''ODNB''; the other was Anne Boleyn, Marquess of Pembroke. The ''ODNB'' does not qualify the assertion, but is discussing sixteenth-century usage; sources which apply modern law retroactively will consider some women peeresses in their own right when their husbands sat in Parliament with their father's style and precedence.〕 One of the few surviving members of the Plantagenet dynasty after the Wars of the Roses, she was executed in 1541 at the command of King Henry VIII, who was the son of her cousin Elizabeth of York. Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Catholic Church on 29 December 1886.〔DWYER, J. G. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl." ''New Catholic Encyclopedia.'' 2nd ed. Vol. 11. Detroit: Gale, 2003. pp. 455–56.〕 ==Life== Lady Margaret was born at Farleigh Hungerford Castle in Somerset, the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, and his wife Lady Isabel Neville, who was the elder daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and his wife Lady Anne de Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick. Lady Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward. Her maternal grandfather was killed fighting against her uncle, Edward IV of England, at the Battle of Barnet. Her father was then created Earl of Salisbury and of Warwick; he was already Duke of Clarence. Edward IV declared that her brother Edward should be known as Earl of Warwick as a courtesy title, but no peerage was ever created for him.〔''ODNB''.〕 When she was three, her mother and her youngest brother died; her father had two servants killed who he thought had poisoned them. He plotted against Edward IV, his brother, and was attainted and executed for treason; his lands and titles were forfeited. When she was ten, Edward IV died; her uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester, declared that Edward's marriage was invalid, his children illegitimate, and that Margaret and her brother Edward were debarred from the throne by their father's attainder. He assumed the throne himself as Richard III of England. Her maternal aunt, Lady Anne, became queen of England as consort to Richard III. Richard III had the children held at Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. He was defeated and killed on the battlefield by Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, and Henry became Henry VII of England. The new king married Margaret's cousin Elizabeth, Edward IV's daughter. He kept her brother Edward in the Tower of London. Edward was briefly displayed in public at St Paul's Cathedral in 1487 in response to the presentation of the impostor Lambert Simnel as the "Earl of Warwick" to the Irish lords. Shortly thereafter, probably in November 1487, Henry VII gave Margaret in marriage to his cousin, Sir Richard Pole, whose mother was half-sister of the king's mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort; this would make it more difficult for plotters to use Margaret Plantagenet as a figurehead. When Perkin Warbeck impersonated her cousin Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, her brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. Sir Richard Pole held a variety of offices in Henry VII's government, the highest being Chamberlain for Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry's elder son. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret Pole became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502, in his teens. When her husband died in 1504, Margaret Pole was a widow with five children, a limited amount of land inherited from her husband, no salary and no prospects; Henry VII paid for Sir Richard's funeral. To ease the situation, Lady Pole devoted her third son Reginald Pole to the Church, where he was to have an eventful career as a papal Legate and Archbishop of Canterbury. Nonetheless, he was to resent her abandonment of him bitterly in later life.〔 Additionally, Margaret, without adequate means to support herself and her children, was forced to live at Syon Abbey among Bridgettine nuns after her husband's death. She was to remain there until she returned to favor at the ascension of Henry VIII in 1509. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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